Architectural Design Considerations

Architectural Design Considerations

While Civil Engineers focus on the structural integrity and systems of a building, understanding architectural design considerations is crucial for a holistic approach to building systems design. These factors influence load distribution, utility routing, and overall building performance.

Space Planning and Ergonomics

Space Planning involves the efficient arrangement of spaces to meet the functional requirements of the users.

Anthropometrics

Anthropometrics is the comparative study of the measurements and capabilities of the human body. Engineers must consider these dimensions when designing corridors, stairways, and clearances.

• Average Eye Level: ~1.50 - 1.60 m (Standing)
• Reach Limit: ~2.00 - 2.10 m (Vertical grip)
• Comfortable Stride: ~0.60 - 0.70 m

Ergonomics

Ergonomics applies anthropometric data to design objects and spaces that fit the user.

• Desk Height: 0.74 m (Standard)
• Chair Seat Height: 0.45 m

Building Orientation

Proper orientation can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve occupant comfort.

• Solar Path: In the Philippines (Northern Hemisphere tropics), the sun rises in the East and sets in the West, with a slight southern tilt in "ber" months and northern tilt in summer.
• East/West Facades: Receive the most direct heat. Should be minimized or heavily shaded.
• North/South Facades: Best for windows to maximize natural light while minimizing direct heat gain.

Site Analysis

Before design begins, a thorough site analysis is necessary.

1. Topography: Slopes, contours, and drainage patterns.
2. Climate: Wind direction (Amihan: NE, Habagat: SW), rainfall, and solar angles.
3. Surroundings: Adjacent buildings, noise sources, and views.

Aesthetic Principles in Engineering

Even in structural design, aesthetic principles play a role.

• Proportion: The relationship of parts to the whole.
• Scale: The size of a building relative to human size.
• Balance: Symmetrical or asymmetrical distribution of visual weight.
• Rhythm: Repetition of elements (columns, windows) to create visual movement.

Application: Optimizing Building Orientation

Summary

Architectural considerations are not just for appearance; they dictate how a building functions and feels. A well-oriented, ergonomically designed building reduces the load on mechanical systems (AC, Lighting) and enhances user safety and comfort.