In civil
Methods for calculating land areas, including coordinate method, DMD, and Trapezoidal/Simpson's rule.
Principles, segments, and methods of GPS surveying.
Techniques for measuring water depth, discharge, and mapping underwater features.
Basics of aerial photography, scale calculations, and GIS components.
Definition, classifications, precision vs accuracy, and types of errors in surveying.
Reference meridians, bearings, azimuths, and magnetic declination.
Methods of measuring horizontal distances, pacing, taping, and tape corrections.
Differential leveling, profile leveling, and corrections for curvature and refraction.
Contour lines, characteristics of contours, and methods of plotting topography.
Open and closed traverses, latitudes and departures, and error of closure.