Shallow Foundations

Shallow foundations transmit structural loads to the soil at a shallow depth. They are typically used when the surface soil has sufficient strength.

Types

Isolated (Spread) Footing: Supports a single column.
Combined Footing: Supports two or more columns (Rectangular or Trapezoidal).
Strap Footing: Two isolated footings connected by a rigid beam.
Mat (Raft) Foundation: A large slab supporting the entire structure.

Determine Footing Area: Based on allowable soil bearing pressure ( $q_{all}$ ) and service loads. $A_{req} = \frac{P_{total}}{q_{all}}$
Determine Thickness: Based on shear checks (One-way beam shear and Two-way punching shear) using factored loads.
Determine Reinforcement: Based on flexural moment at the face of the column.

Step-by-Step Solution0 / 2 Problems

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