Friction Examples

Eleven examples progress from sub-limit static friction to angled loading, competing limit states, and capstan design checks.

Static Block below the Friction Limit

A 500 N500\ \text{N} block rests on a horizontal floor with μs=0.40\mu_s=0.40. A worker pushes horizontally with 150 N150\ \text{N}. Determine the friction force and whether the block moves.

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Horizontal Force for Impending Sliding

The same 500 N500\ \text{N} block is pushed horizontally. Determine the force needed to reach impending sliding.

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Friction Angle

For a contact with μs=0.45\mu_s=0.45, determine the friction angle.

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Block on an Incline

A block rests on a rough incline with μs=0.60\mu_s=0.60 and no other applied force. Determine the ideal incline angle at impending downward sliding.

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Tipping versus Sliding of a Monument

A rectangular monument weighs 100 kN100\ \text{kN}, is 1.00 m1.00\ \text{m} wide, and a horizontal force acts 2.00 m2.00\ \text{m} above the base. The base has μs=0.50\mu_s=0.50. Determine whether sliding or tipping occurs first.

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Effect of Load Height on Tipping

For the same 100 kN100\ \text{kN}, 1.00 m1.00\ \text{m}-wide monument, the horizontal force is applied only 0.500 m0.500\ \text{m} above the base. Determine the tipping threshold and compare it with the 50.0 kN50.0\ \text{kN} sliding threshold.

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Capstan Tension Ratio

A rope is wrapped through 180∘180^\circ around a fixed cylinder with μs=0.30\mu_s=0.30. Find the limiting tension ratio T2/T1T_2/T_1.

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Required Holding Tension on a Capstan

A rope has T2=10.0 kNT_2=10.0\ \text{kN} on the high-tension side, μs=0.25\mu_s=0.25, and a wrap angle of 270∘270^\circ. Determine the limiting low-side tension T1T_1.

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Impending Sliding under an Upward-Angled Pull

An 800 N800\ \text{N} block rests on a horizontal surface with μs=0.35\mu_s=0.35. A force PP is applied 25.0∘25.0^\circ above horizontal. Determine PP at impending sliding.

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Static Friction under a Downward-Angled Push

A 600 N600\ \text{N} block is pushed by P=120 NP=120\ \text{N} at 20.0∘20.0^\circ below horizontal. The surface has μs=0.30\mu_s=0.30. Determine the actual static-friction force and check whether sliding occurs.

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Minimum Capstan Wrap Angle

A capstan must sustain a limiting tension ratio T2/T1=4.00T_2/T_1=4.00 with μs=0.25\mu_s=0.25. Determine the required wrap angle.

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Limiting Friction Assumption

Use Fs=μsNF_s=\mu_sN only when the problem explicitly states or logically requires impending sliding. For a stationary system below the threshold, solve the actual friction force from equilibrium and then verify that it does not exceed the limit.