Moments of Inertia Examples

Twelve worked examples progress from standard sections to shifted composite sections, cutouts, radius of gyration, and principal-axis interpretation.

Rectangle about Its Centroidal x-Axis

A rectangle is b=100 mmb=100\ \text{mm} wide and h=200 mmh=200\ \text{mm} deep. Determine IxI_x about its horizontal centroidal axis.

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Effect of Rotating a Rectangle

For the same 100×200 mm100\times200\ \text{mm} rectangle, determine IyI_y about the vertical centroidal axis and compare it with IxI_x.

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Parallel-Axis Transfer

A rectangular area has A=6000 mm2A=6000\ \text{mm}^2 and centroidal Ic=8.00×106 mm4I_c=8.00\times10^6\ \text{mm}^4. Find its inertia about a parallel axis d=50.0 mmd=50.0\ \text{mm} away.

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Hollow Rectangular Section

A rectangular tube has outer dimensions 200×300 mm200\times300\ \text{mm} and a centered rectangular void 160×260 mm160\times260\ \text{mm}. Determine IxI_x about the common horizontal centroidal axis.

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Composite Inertia of Two Equal Plates

Two identical plates each have A=2000 mm2A=2000\ \text{mm}^2 and centroidal Ic=1.50×106 mm4I_c=1.50\times10^6\ \text{mm}^4. Their centroids are each 60.0 mm60.0\ \text{mm} from the composite centroidal x-axis. Determine total IxI_x.

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Polar Moment from Cartesian Moments

At point OO, an area has Ix=4.00×106 mm4I_x=4.00\times10^6\ \text{mm}^4 and Iy=7.00×106 mm4I_y=7.00\times10^6\ \text{mm}^4. Determine JOJ_O.

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Radius of Gyration

A section has area A=5000 mm2A=5000\ \text{mm}^2 and Ix=2.00×107 mm4I_x=2.00\times10^7\ \text{mm}^4. Determine kxk_x.

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Distinguish Area and Mass Inertia

A section-property table reports Ix=8.50×108 mm4I_x=8.50\times10^8\ \text{mm}^4, while a rotating mechanical component is reported to have I=12.0 kg⋅m2I=12.0\ \text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^2. Are these the same physical property?

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Composite Inertia of a T-Section

A T-section consists of a 100×20 mm100\times20\ \text{mm} flange above a centered 20×80 mm20\times80\ \text{mm} web. Its centroid is at yˉ=67.78 mm\bar{y}=67.78\ \text{mm} above the bottom. Determine IxI_x about the composite centroidal axis.

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Off-Center Rectangular Cutout about a Composite Centroidal Axis

A 200×120 mm200\times120\ \text{mm} rectangle contains a 60×40 mm60\times40\ \text{mm} rectangular cutout centered at (150,60) mm(150,60)\ \text{mm}. Determine the centroidal IyI_y of the remaining area. The outer rectangle centroid is at (100,60) mm(100,60)\ \text{mm}.

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Compare Radii of Gyration

Two sections have the same area, A=4000 mm2A=4000\ \text{mm}^2. Section A has Ix=8.00×106 mm4I_x=8.00\times10^6\ \text{mm}^4 and Section B has Ix=2.00×107 mm4I_x=2.00\times10^7\ \text{mm}^4. Compare their radii of gyration about the xx-axis.

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Identify Principal Centroidal Axes from Symmetry

A doubly symmetric I-shaped area has horizontal and vertical centroidal symmetry axes. What can be stated about its product of inertia and principal axes?

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Parallel-Axis Direction

The theorem I=Ic+Ad2I=I_c+Ad^2 transfers from a centroidal axis to a parallel noncentroidal axis. Do not subtract Ad2Ad^2 from a centroidal value to invent an inertia about an arbitrary axis without first establishing the correct relationship.