A tension member must transfer a factored load ($P_u$) of $450 \text{ kN}$ to a gusset plate using a bearing-type connection. The LRFD design shear strength ($\phi R_n$) of one bolt is $80 \text{ kN}$ and the design bearing strength ($\phi R_n$) of the plate per bolt is $105 \text{ kN}$. Determine the required number of bolts.

Calculate the nominal slip resistance ($R_n$) of a single A325 high-strength bolt used in a slip-critical connection. The bolt is fully tensioned to $T_b = 125 \text{ kN}$. The connection consists of two painted steel plates (Class A surface, $\mu = 0.30$) and has one slip plane ($N_s = 1$). Assume standard holes ($D_u = 1.13$) and no fillers ($h_f = 1.0$).

Determine the nominal shear strength ($R_n$) per millimeter length of an $8 \text{ mm}$ fillet weld made with an E70XX electrode ($F_{EXX} = 480 \text{ MPa}$).

A structural detailer plans to use a $10 \text{ mm}$ fillet weld to attach a thin $8 \text{ mm}$ steel plate to a massive, thick column flange. Evaluate if this weld size is permissible according to standard code limitations.

Determine the required area ($A_1$) for a steel column base plate supporting a factored axial load ($P_u$) of $1,500 \text{ kN}$. The base plate rests on a large concrete footing where the full bearing area is much larger than the plate ($A_2 \ge 4A_1$). The concrete compressive strength is $f_c' = 21 \text{ MPa}$.