Experiment 11: Resistors in Series and Parallel — Worked Examples

These examples develop circuit reasoning from topology and equivalent resistance to voltage division, current division, power, mixed networks, open and short circuits, and laboratory consistency checks.

Example 1: Equivalent resistance of three series resistors

Three resistors of 100 Ω100\,\Omega, 220 Ω220\,\Omega, and 330 Ω330\,\Omega are connected in series. Determine the equivalent resistance.

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Example 2: Equivalent resistance of three parallel resistors

The same 100 Ω100\,\Omega, 220 Ω220\,\Omega, and 330 Ω330\,\Omega resistors are connected in parallel. Determine the equivalent resistance.

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Example 3: Series current and voltage division

A 12.0 V12.0\,\text{V} source is connected to 100 Ω100\,\Omega, 220 Ω220\,\Omega, and 330 Ω330\,\Omega resistors in series. Determine the current and each voltage drop.

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Example 4: Parallel branch currents and Kirchhoff's current law

A 12.0 V12.0\,\text{V} source is connected across parallel branches of 100 Ω100\,\Omega, 220 Ω220\,\Omega, and 330 Ω330\,\Omega. Determine each branch current and the total current.

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Example 5: Two-resistor voltage divider

A 9.00 V9.00\,\text{V} source is connected to R1=1.00 kΩR_1=1.00\,\text{k}\Omega and R2=2.00 kΩR_2=2.00\,\text{k}\Omega in series. Determine the voltage across R2R_2.

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Example 6: Current division between two parallel branches

A total current of 0.300 A0.300\,\text{A} enters parallel resistors R1=20.0 ΩR_1=20.0\,\Omega and R2=30.0 ΩR_2=30.0\,\Omega. Determine the branch currents.

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Example 7: Reduce a mixed series-parallel network

A 40.0 Ω40.0\,\Omega resistor is in series with a parallel combination of 60.0 Ω60.0\,\Omega and 120 Ω120\,\Omega. Determine the equivalent resistance and source current for 24.0 V24.0\,\text{V}.

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Example 8: Power in series components

A 10.0 Ω10.0\,\Omega resistor and a 20.0 Ω20.0\,\Omega resistor are connected in series across 12.0 V12.0\,\text{V}. Determine the power dissipated by each resistor and the total power.

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Example 9: Effect of adding a parallel branch

A 12.0 V12.0\,\text{V} source initially supplies a single 120 Ω120\,\Omega load. A second 120 Ω120\,\Omega branch is then added in parallel. Compare the equivalent resistance and source current before and after.

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Example 10: Interpret an open branch and a shorted component

A three-branch parallel network is operating from a constant-voltage source. Describe the effects of opening one branch and of replacing one branch resistance with an ideal short circuit.

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Example 11: Percentage error in equivalent resistance

A network has theoretical equivalent resistance Rtheory=470 ΩR_{\text{theory}}=470\,\Omega and measured resistance Rmeasured=482 ΩR_{\text{measured}}=482\,\Omega. Determine the percentage error.

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Problem-solving checks for resistor networks