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Fundamentals Of Surveying2D

Topographic Surveying - Theory & Concepts

Contour lines, characteristics of contours, interpolation, and plotting methods.

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Stadia Principles Simulator

Calculate horizontal distance and elevation difference using stadia readings.

Stadia Interval (ss) (m)1.20
Vertical Angle (α\alpha) (°)5.0

Results

H=Kscos⁡2(α)=119.09 mH = K s \cos^2(\alpha) = 119.09 \text{ m}
V=12Kssin⁡(2α)=10.42 mV = \frac{1}{2} K s \sin(2\alpha) = 10.42 \text{ m}
αH = 119.1V = 10.4

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